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CHORAL MUSIC REVIEW
May 6, 2005
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By Rebekah Ahrendt
After seven successful seasons, Warren Stewart handed over the reins of the California Bach Society last weekend. To celebrate his tenure as artistic director, the Society presented a special program: a recreation of a concert directed by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach in 1786. Stewart noted that he had wanted to do this recreation for over a decade, so this was the last chance and it was a good send-off.
Typical of later 18th-century concerts, the program (heard on Friday) blended music of different composers and genres. What was so unusual about it, though, was that the galant Bach looked backward for much of his program. On that April day in 1786, the “Credo” of his father's B-minor Mass was performed for the first time. An aria and the “Hallelujah” Chorus of Handel's Messiah also appeared in a German translation, following a popular trend to revive Handel's oratorios.
The music of the elder Bach was rarely performed in the fifty years after his death. The B-minor Mass itself was never even performed while he was alive. This huge work, now a staple of the repertoire, was considered a historical curiosity to be admired and studied, according to Stewart's notes. The “Credo” was especially interesting to enlightened connoisseurs. Scored for five-voice choir, soloists and instruments, it is a massive mass movement.
To perform his father's score, C.P.E. had to alter the instrumentation slightly. The intervening years had seen the disappearance of the oboe d'amore (one of dad's favorite instruments). C.P.E also decided to have the orchestra double the choir in a few movements, perhaps because the singers in his Hamburg were not used to such elaborate polyphony. He also wrote an instrumental introduction to the work based on a German hymn. This piece, a lovely five-voice setting for strings in an organ prelude style, was new to me. Though Friday's performance got off to a bit of a rocky start tuning-wise, I was still impressed by the sweetness of the music. The “Credo” itself was stupendous as ever. Though tuning continued to be a problem in the orchestra, the choir reached the heights they have achieved under Stewart's direction. The central grouping of “Et incarnatus est,” “Crucifixus,” and “Et resurrexit” showed the choir's affective flexibility. With a unity of sound and vision, this volunteer group created a moving experience of the “Credo's” passion in miniature. The “Credo” includes just two sections for soloists. The duet “Et in unum Dominum,” sung by soprano Ruth Escher and alto Suzanne Elder Wallace, was lovely. Unfortunately, it was also hard to hear from where I was sitting in St. Mark's, Berkeley. Volume was not a problem for bass Hugh Davies, however. His rendition of the “Et in Spiritum Sanctum” was hypnotic.
Hearing the aria and chorus from Handel's Messiah in German was another new experience. Ruth Escher performed the familiar “I know that my Redeemer liveth” in the new guise of “Ich weiß, daß mein Erlöser lebet.” Her lovely clear soprano glided beautifully over the familiar harmonies of the orchestra. Even more familiar was the “Hallelujah” Chorus. The stirring sounds of the orchestra and chorus brought the audience to its feet, according to the tradition supposedly started by England's king in the 18th century. It was a fine close to the first half of the program. The second half included two works by C.P.E. himself: a short orchestral symphony and his “Magnificat.” Not knowing which symphony appeared on the original program, Stewart chose the first of the younger Bach's four orchestral symphonies that date from his years in Hamburg. It is also in the sunny key of D major, which both Bachs used in their “Magnificat” settings. Stewart's small ensemble (all one on a part, save for the violins) rocked their way through this stormy, passionate piece. A nice surprise was the lovely cello solo in the Largo played by Elisabeth Reed (who should get a medal for playing the entirety of this lengthy program). Originally written in 1749, C.P.E. revisited his “Magnificat” in the 1780s, reworking the scoring of some movements and writing a new setting of the “Et misericordia.” Instead of the duet it once had been, the new “Et misericordia” utilizes the full choir in a highly chromatic way. Wandering harmonies longing for resolution characterize this version, touchingly performed by the California Bach Society.
Another high point was Dan Hutchings' performance of the demanding “Quia fecit mihi magna.” This piece is particularly tricky for the ensemble. Hutchings remained focused throughout, his clear tenor easily soaring through the long melismas. All stops were pulled out for the grand finale of “Sicut erat in principio.” With orchestra and chorus going full force, I felt I would be carried away by the waves of sound washing through St. Mark's. Perhaps I was indeed carried back to Hamburg in 1786: one of the nicest things about this evening was that the audience behaved in a historically-informed manner as well, clapping wherever they felt like it. In this program, with the fine soloists and choir of the California Bach Society, that was often. Congratulations and best wishes to Warren Stewart, and I look forward to hearing what the talented Suzanne Elder Wallace will do with the group as its new artistic director.
(Rebekah Ahrendt holds the Artist's Diploma in viola da gamba and historical performance practice from the Royal Conservatory of The Hague (NL). Currently, she is a graduate student in historical musicology at the University of California, Berkeley.)
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