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EARLY MUSIC REVIEW

Monteverdiana

November 14, 2004


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By Michelle Dulak Thomson

I might grow weary someday of talking up seventeenth-century music, but hardly of listening to it; so I am grateful once again that we have Warren Stewart and his ensemble, Magnificat, to do the talking (and playing, and singing) up. Magnificat's last program (heard Sunday at St. Gregory Nyssen Episcopal Church, San Francisco), involved the usual Magnificat suspects: the continuo team of Stewart (cello), Hanneke van Proosdij (harpsichord), and David Tayler (mostly theorbo); violinists Rob Diggins and Cynthia Freivogel; and sopranos Jennifer Ellis and Catherine Webster. The theme this time was Claudio Monteverdi; and, given the scale, there could hardly have been a better survey.

At first glance, you might take the program for a random smattering of Monteverdi solo and duo music, but the care with which it was spread around Monteverdi's post-1600 career suggested otherwise: on the sacred side, one piece each from the famous 1610 Vespro della beata Vergine, the 1641 Selva morale, and the posthumously-published Missa, et Salmi, plus a solo motet from a 1629 anthology; on the secular side, two from the Seventh Book of Madrigals, one from the 1632 Scherzi musicali, another piece from an anthology (1624), and then the "Lamento" that's the sole surviving fragment of the 1614 opera L'Arianna. That's not counting the delightful encore, which tapped yet another collection, the first set of Scherzi musicali from 1607. (The large elephant-that-wasn't-there was the Eighth Book of Madrigals, from 1638, probably because all the duos are for tenors — though if the two singers Sunday ever feel like performing, say, "Mentre vaga Angioletta," I for one won't stop them.) Whether meant as such or no, it was a delightful tour of Monteverdi in the Age of Continuo, Chamber Edition.

It couldn't have had much better guides. Ellis and Webster have the agility, the accuracy, and the focused sound for this music, in which any of those three qualities being lacking spells major trouble. Agility, for example: Ellis' coloratura in the solo motet "Exulta filia Sion" (Rejoice, daughter of Zion) and Webster's in the third "Salve Regina" from the Selva morale were marvelous.

Echoes from beyond

That "Salve Regina" begins with an old trope, or gloss, on the ancient hymn that uses a then-popular device: One voice sings the text of the trope, and another answers in echo, so that you hear the last word or part of it as an answer to the main singer's words:

Audi coelum verba mea, plena desiderio et perfusa gaudio.
[Echo:] . . . audio.

(Hear, O Heaven, my word, full of desire and suffused with joy.
[Echo:] . . . I hear.)
And so on. Webster was the main voice; Ellis — having unobtrusively gotten herself into a small balcony towards the back of the audience — was the echo, repeating Webster's more full-blooded, ornate lines in the innocent tones of a (preternaturally gifted) girl soprano.

Their other duets were on more equal terms, and when they started duelling coloratura, as in "O come sei gentile" (How sweet you are), sparks flew. In the celebrated ciaccona, "Zefiro torna" (Zephyr returns), the passagework was even more dazzling. The piece (like the Salve Regina, by the way) is ordinarily sung by tenors, but I've never heard any tenor duo get around the coloratura explosion of the very end as nimbly as that. And yet the simple quietude and blend Webster and Ellis achieved in "Pulchra es" (You are beautiful), from the 1610 Vespro, was, in its way, as impressive.

As for the wonderful "Confitebor tibi" from the Missa, et Salmi, with its extraordinary ending, the two violins and the two sopranos chasing one another ever more slowly up into the air on the final "Amen" — well, the performance was worthy of the piece, which is saying something. (Some of the pieces in that collection are enough to make you weep; this is stuff that was just sitting around in the San Marco archives for years after the composer's death, until some enterprising person threw a pile of it together and published it. Who knows what else there might have been in a different heap somewhere, now lost?)

Each singer got a solo on the second half. It was Ellis who had the celebrated "Lamento d'Arianna," and it was perhaps not the best choice for her. She sang it confidently and even vehemently enough, with moments of true pathos, but there were stretches that were too much singing and not enough acting, too little lived.

Pathos out of simplicity

I even fleetingly wondered why she and not Webster (who has the marginally richer voice and the more expressive Italian) got Arianna; but that was before Webster sang "Si dolce è'l tormento" (So sweet is the torment). This is a little (so you would think) trifle from an anthology, just a tiny strophic song, made of the simplest materials imaginable — moving note to note almost always by step, almost all the notes of equal length, simpler than the simplest folksong, and with one of those "I will be faithful to the cruel woman I love unto death, and then she will finally repent" texts that are the stuff of folksong (and also of madrigals).

Simple, yes; and therefore frighteningly easy to kill stone dead, as has happened almost every time I've heard it. Not this time. Webster didn't fall into the trap of ornamenting the line into rags. She embellished, yes, but gently, and more often by redirecting the line entirely than by breaking it up into smaller note-values. And she wrapped herself up in the words and made them carry every phrase, subtly delaying a consonant or hurrying one, and pouring grief into every syllable. David Tayler, accompanying on theorbo, played the continuo part in broken chords in a way I haven't heard done before, oddly affecting, not the usual one-to-a-bar formal strum, but something like a delicate pre-echo of what the stereotypical disconsolate lover of a couple centuries hence would have plucked out on a guitar. It was a breathtaking performance.

Breaking up the vocal pieces were two Marini trio sonatas (including the familiar Variations on "La Monica") and a Castello solo sonata, played with dash, vigor, and (in the Marini) uncommonly sassy by-play by Diggins and Freivogel. Diggins' impetuous Castello was particularly fine. The program ended with its two upbeat Monteverdi's Greatest Hits: first "Zefiro" (sounding a little odd with the voices an octave up and no bowed continuo instrument on the ground bass, only guitar and harpsichord), and then the canzonetta "Chiome d'oro" (Golden hair), rather slower than usual, ambling rather than striding briskly, possibly so the violins could get in their large and various repertoire of embellishments. No matter; if "Chiome d'oro" was a little underwhelming as a concert-ender, there was the frisky encore, from the 1607 Scherzi, "Damigella tutta bella." The second line instructs the "lovely maiden" of the title to pour some more wine — was this perhaps an allusion to the reception immediately afterwards?

(Michelle Dulak Thomson is a violinist and violist who has written about music for Strings, Stagebill, Early Music America, and The New York Times.)

©2004 Michelle Dulak Thomson, all rights reserved